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Proximity fuse MK53 removed from shell, circa 1950s. A Proximity Fuse (also VT fuse [1] [2] [3] or "variable time fuze") is a fuse that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target.
However, VT fuzes went far deeper into the shell than other fuzes because they had a battery that was activated by the shock of firing. This meant the fuze recess had to be deeper, so to enable shorter non-VT fuzes the deep recess was filled with removable supplementary HE canisters. After the war the next generation of proximity fuze included ...
As an anti-aircraft gun it fired a 9.2 kilogram (20 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 840 m/s to an effective ceiling of 8,000 meters, [42] with a maximum ceiling of 9900 meters. [5] While this was potent against US daylight raids, which generally flew at altitudes of 6,400 to 7,600 m (21,000 to 24,900 ft), some aircraft were able to fly higher ...
The proximity fuze was a small device on an artillery shell that would detonate the shell when close to the target, without requiring a difficult direct hit. [3] Previously fuzes had releid on a time or altitude setting in the fuze and an estimated target height close enough that the shrapnel cloud would impact the target.
An aerial shell loaded with many such pieces results in a myriad of pieces flying and sparking high in the air. A spolette is a delay fuse consisting of a hollow wooden dowel or a paper tube rammed full of black powder. A spolette is glued into the wall of a fireworks shell and ignited by the lift charge that launches the shell into the air.
M734 fuze cross section Amplifier (top) and oscillator. The M734 multi-option fuze [1] is a rangefinder and collision detection system used on 60 mm, 81 mm, and 120 mm mortar shells as a trigger to detonate the shells at the most damaging heights of burst when combating four types of battlefield threats:
The M982 Excalibur was fielded as a guided shell that effectively hit within 6 m (20 ft) of a target, but the Army developed the XM1156 as a cheaper alternative. The PGK fuse can be screwed onto existing M549A1 and M795 projectiles, be fired from M109A6 Paladin and M777A2 Howitzer artillery systems, and hits within 50 m (160 ft) of the target ...
It was calculated that a fuze which would explode a projectile near a plane or at some height above a target on the surface would increase lethality. Diamond, through his vast knowledge in the field of electronics, contributed greatly to the fundamental concept and design of proximity fuzes. He held 16 patents for electronics-related inventions.