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Proximity fuse MK53 removed from shell, circa 1950s. A Proximity Fuse (also VT fuse [1] [2] [3] or "variable time fuze") is a fuse that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target.
Mk 53 Proximity fuze for an artillery shell, circa 1945. The benefits of a fuze that functioned when it detected a target in proximity are obvious, particularly for use against aircraft. The first such fuze seems to have been developed by the British in the 1930s for use with their anti-aircraft 'unrotated projectiles' – rockets.
A magnetic proximity fuse was patented by P.J. Eliomarkakis, (United States Patent US2434551 of January 13, 1948) [1] although similar devices had been in service for nearly a decade. It is a type of proximity fuze that initiates a detonator in a piece of ordnance such as a land mine , naval mine , depth charge , or shell when the fuse's ...
The proximity fuze was a small device on an artillery shell that would detonate the shell when close to the target, without requiring a difficult direct hit. [3] Previously fuzes had releid on a time or altitude setting in the fuze and an estimated target height close enough that the shrapnel cloud would impact the target.
Mk 53 Proximity fuze for an artillery shell, c. 1945 Proximity fuzes cause a missile warhead or other munition (e.g. air-dropped bomb, sea mine , or torpedo ) to detonate when it comes within a certain pre-set distance of the target, or vice versa.
It was calculated that a fuze which would explode a projectile near a plane or at some height above a target on the surface would increase lethality. Diamond, through his vast knowledge in the field of electronics, contributed greatly to the fundamental concept and design of proximity fuzes. He held 16 patents for electronics-related inventions.
M734 fuze cross section Amplifier (top) and oscillator. The M734 multi-option fuze [1] is a rangefinder and collision detection system used on 60 mm, 81 mm, and 120 mm mortar shells as a trigger to detonate the shells at the most damaging heights of burst when combating four types of battlefield threats:
An aerial shell loaded with many such pieces results in a myriad of pieces flying and sparking high in the air. A spolette is a delay fuse consisting of a hollow wooden dowel or a paper tube rammed full of black powder. A spolette is glued into the wall of a fireworks shell and ignited by the lift charge that launches the shell into the air.