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Eplerenone is an antimineralocorticoid, or an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). [21] Eplerenone is also known chemically as 9,11α-epoxy-7α-methoxycarbonyl-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone and "was derived from spironolactone by the introduction of a 9α,11α-epoxy bridge and by substitution of the 17α-thoacetyl ...
Absorption half-life 1 h, elimination half-life 12 h. Biological half-life ( elimination half-life , pharmacological half-life ) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication ) to decrease from its maximum concentration ( C max ) to half of C max in the blood plasma .
But is also equivalent to divided by elimination rate half-life /, = /. Thus, = /. This means, for example, that an increase in total clearance results in a decrease in elimination rate half-life, provided distribution volume is constant.
Water chemistry analysis is often the groundwork of studies of water quality, pollution, hydrology and geothermal waters. Analytical methods routinely used can detect and measure all the natural elements and their inorganic compounds and a very wide range of organic chemical species using methods such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry .
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
Eplerenone is a newer drug that was developed as a spironolactone analog with reduced adverse effects. In addition to the y-lactone ring and the substituent on C-7, eplerenone has a 9α,11α-epoxy group. This group is believed to be the reason why eplerenone has a 20-40-fold lower affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor than spironolactone. [7]
The biological monitoring working party (BMWP) is a procedure for measuring water quality using families of macroinvertebrates as biological indicators. [1]The method is based on the principle that different aquatic invertebrates have different tolerances to pollutants.
Piper diagram of water samples from the Mtshabezi River, Zimbabwe. Data source: [2] A Piper diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples. The cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots. The apexes of the cation plot are calcium, magnesium and sodium plus potassium cations.