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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name. [ 11 ] The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation , the procedure ...
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.
Within the larger context of the story of the journey of the birds, Attar masterfully tells the reader many didactic short, sweet stories in captivating poetic style. Sholeh Wolpé, in the foreword of her modern translation of this work writes: [5] The parables in this book trigger memories deep within us all.
Faridoddin Abu Hamed Mohammad Attar Nishapuri (c. 1145 – c. 1221; Persian: ابوحمید محمد عطار نیشاپوری), better known by his pen-names Faridoddin (فریدالدین) and ʿAttar of Nishapur (عطار نیشاپوری, Attar means apothecary), was a poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry ...
Pre-Islamic era Islamic tradition 'Amm 'Amm is the moon god of Qataban. [3] His attributes include the lightning bolts. [3] Amm is served by the judge-god Anbay and has the goddess Athirat as his consort. [4] [5] Qatabanians are also known as Banu Amm, or "children of Amm". Attested [a] 'Ammi'anas 'Ammi'anas is a god worshipped by the Khawlan.
The Meaning of the Glorious Koran by Marmaduke Pickthall; The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali; The Qur'an: A New Translation by Muhammad A. S. Abdel Haleem [2] [3] The Clear Quran: A Thematic English Translation by Dr. Mustafa Khattab [4] [5] The Holy Qur'án (The treasure of faith) by Professor Shah Faridul ...
Musk deer of Tibet in an 1835 illustration. Musk is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery.They include glandular secretions from animals such as the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar odors.