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Vertigo or dizziness; Weakness of limbs; Symptoms are frequently worsened by a Valsalva maneuver, or by being upright for long periods of time. The reason that being upright is problematic is that gravity allows increased interaction between the brain stem and the top of the spinal column, increasing symptoms.
In a car accident, the vehicle jerks the neck forward and backward resulting in cervical spine damage resulting in a whiplash. As a result, the cervical spine become misaligned and produces direct spinal cord irritation creating tighter muscles on one side of the body [24] Neck braces can help temporarily. Surgery is required if needed.
Exercise plus joint manipulation has been found to be beneficial in both acute and chronic mechanical neck disorders. [14] In particular, specific strengthening exercise may improve function and pain. [15] Motor control using cranio-cervical flexion exercises has been shown to be effective for non-specific chronic neck pain. [16]
Laterocollis is the tilting of the head from side to side. This is the "ear-to-shoulder" version. This involves many more muscles: ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, ipsilateral splenius, ipsilateral scalene complex, ipsilateral levator scapulae, and ipsilateral posterior paravertebrals. The flexion of the neck (head tilts forwards) is anterocollis.
Occipital neuralgia is caused by damage to the occipital nerves, which can arise from trauma (usually concussive or cervical), physical stress on the nerve, repetitive neck contraction, flexion or extension, and/or as a result of medical complications (such as osteochondroma, a benign bone tumour).
Cervicogenic headache is a type of headache characterized by chronic hemicranial pain referred to the head from either the cervical spine or soft tissues within the neck. [1] [2] The main symptoms of cervicogenic headaches include pain originating in the neck that can travel to the head or face, headaches that get worse with neck movement, and limited ability to move the neck.
Occipito-cervical junction This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, causing the hypermobility of the connection between the neck and head, resulting in paralysis or pain. [6] Cerebrovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease is a type of cervical spine disorder that can cause tetraplegia. [7] Subaxial cervical spine [8] Atlanto-axial joint
Changes in muscle performance can be broadly described as the upper motor neuron syndrome. These changes vary depending on the site and the extent of the lesion, and may include: Muscle weakness. [2] known as 'pyramidal weakness' Decreased control of active movement, particularly slowness; Spasticity, a velocity-dependent change in muscle tone