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Although most plasmids are double-stranded DNA molecules, some consist of single-stranded DNA, or predominantly double-stranded RNA. RNA plasmids are non-infectious extrachromosomal linear RNA replicons, both encapsidated and unencapsidated, which have been found in fungi and various plants, from algae to land plants. In many cases, however, it ...
When a molecule of DNA is double stranded, as DNA usually is, the two strands run in opposite directions. Therefore, one end of the molecule will have the 3' end of strand 1 and the 5' end of strand 2, and vice versa in the other end. [2] However, the fact that the molecule is two stranded allows numerous different variations.
Plasmids are double-stranded extra chromosomal and generally circular DNA sequences that are capable of replication using the host cell's replication machinery. [7] Plasmid vectors minimalistically consist of an origin of replication that allows for semi-independent replication of the plasmid in the host.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. [1] In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.g., bacterial plasmids, mitochondrial DNA, circular bacterial chromosomes, or chloroplast DNA), eccDNA are circular DNA found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal ...
A plasmid is a double stranded circular DNA molecule commonly used for molecular cloning. Plasmids are generally 2 to 4 kilobase-pairs (kb) in length and are capable of carrying inserts up to 15kb. Plasmids contain an origin of replication allowing them to replicate inside a bacterium independently of the host chromosome.
Rolling circle replication produces multiple copies of a single circular template. Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids.
The pUC plasmids are all circular double stranded DNA about 2700 base pairs in length. [3] The pUC plasmids are some of the most widely used cloning vectors. [3] This is in part because cells that have successfully been transformed can be easily distinguished from those that have not based on color differences of colonies.
This reaction is a trans-esterification, which produces a nicked double-stranded DNA with the 5' end bound to a tyrosine residue in the relaxase. [4] [5] [14] [17] The relaxase then moves toward the 3' end of the strand to unwind the DNA in the plasmid. [17]