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Anthrax is spread by contact with the bacterium's spores, which often appear in infectious animal products. [10] Contact is by breathing or eating or through an area of broken skin. [10] It does not typically spread directly between people. [10] Risk factors include people who work with animals or animal products, and military personnel. [3]
Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, Gram positive, rod-shaped bacterium (Fig. 1).The lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti-phagocytic, and (ii) the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxin.
Irradiated mail is mail that has been deliberately exposed to radiation, typically in an effort to disinfect it. The most notable instance of mail irradiation in the US occurred in response to the 2001 anthrax attacks; the level of radiation chosen to kill anthrax spores was so high that it often changed the physical appearance of the mail.
Anthrax weaponization is the development and deployment of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis or, more commonly, its spore (referred to as anthrax), as a biological weapon. As a biological weapon, anthrax has been used in biowarfare and bioterrorism since 1914. [ 1 ]
Bruce Edwards Ivins (/ ˈ aɪ v ɪ n z /; April 22, 1946 – July 29, 2008) [1] was an American microbiologist, vaccinologist, [1] senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, and the person correctly identified by the FBI in the 2001 anthrax attacks. [2]
Anthrax is a bacterial disease that is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. It can infect animals when they breathe in or ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water.
The symptoms in anthrax depend on the type of infection and can take anywhere from 1 day to more than 2 months to appear. All types of anthrax have the potential, if untreated, to spread throughout the body and cause severe illness and even death. [24] Four forms of human anthrax disease are recognized based on their portal of entry.
U.S. President Donald Trump stripped Secret Service protection on Tuesday from his former national security adviser, John Bolton, who became the target of an alleged Iranian murder plot after he ...