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Calcium. Plaque build-up often doesn’t cause symptoms, but it can block blood flow to vital organs like your heart. ... Swelling in your face or limbs. ... calcium channel blockers, or beta ...
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+ ) through calcium channels . [ 3 ] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs , i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension .
Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel antagonist that selectively inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes. [42] It targets L-type calcium channels in muscle cells and N-type calcium channels in the central nervous system which are involved in nociceptive signalling and pain perception.
It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [2] Nifedipine is taken by mouth and comes in fast- and slow-release formulations. [2] Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. [2]
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria), rising blood pressure with hypertension and then falling renal function is common to many forms of CKD.
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) preferentially block the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels to prevent the flow of calcium influx in the blood vessels and the heart, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output respectively. [10] Dihydropyridines (DHP): amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine, nicardipine
[68] β-blockers improve left ventricular filling and relaxation and thereby lessen symptoms. In some children, β–blockers (e.g., propranolol) were shown effective to reduce the risk of sudden death. [68] Further, calcium channel blockers (verapamil) and antiarrhythmic drugs may be used as an adjunct therapy to β-blockers in symptomatic ...
“Cold hands from benign causes are usually of a short duration, and easily reversible when the triggering condition such as stress or exposure to low temperature abates,” Ogunwale explains ...