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The sarcolemma at the junction has invaginations called postjunctional folds, which increase its surface area facing the synaptic cleft. [4] These postjunctional folds form the motor endplate, which is studded with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at a density of 10,000 receptors/μm 2. [5]
Parasympathetic nerves work by releasing a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) which binds to specific receptor (M2 muscarinic receptor) on the sarcolemma of both SAN cells and ventricular cells. This again activates a G-protein. However this G-protein works by inhibiting, the cAMP pathway, therefore, preventing the sympathetic nervous ...
During neurotransmission, ACh is released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, relaying the signal from the nerve. AChE is concentrated in the synaptic cleft, where it terminates the signal transmission by hydrolyzing ACh. [ 6 ]
The sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath), also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fibre or a cardiomyocyte. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It consists of a lipid bilayer and a thin outer coat of polysaccharide material ( glycocalyx ) that contacts the basement membrane .
The signal propagates from the presynaptic neuron using neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh), a molecule that is released from stored vesicles at the terminal end of the neuron. ACh travels across the space of the synaptic cleft to ACh receptors on the sarcolemma of the motor end plate.
T-tubules are tubules formed from the same phospholipid bilayer as the surface membrane or sarcolemma of skeletal or cardiac muscle cells. [1] They connect directly with the sarcolemma at one end before travelling deep within the cell, forming a network of tubules with sections running both perpendicular (transverse) to and parallel (axially) to the sarcolemma. [1]
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The fusion event is thought to be mediated directly by the SNAREs and driven by the energy provided from SNARE assembly. The calcium-sensing trigger for this event is the calcium-binding synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin. The ability of SNAREs to mediate fusion in a calcium-dependent manner recently has been reconstituted in vitro.