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The sum of two even functions is even. The sum of two odd functions is odd. The difference between two odd functions is odd. The difference between two even functions is even. The sum of an even and odd function is not even or odd, unless one of the functions is equal to zero over the given domain.
On the other hand, the polynomial f(x) = 0 is the identically zero function. It is the (trivial) constant function and every x is a root. Its graph is the x-axis in the plane. [3] Its graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and therefore a constant function is an even function. [4]
An even more important reason to distinguish between polynomials and polynomial functions is that many operations on polynomials (like Euclidean division) require looking at what a polynomial is composed of as an expression rather than evaluating it at some constant value for x.
The concept of parent function is less clear or inapplicable polynomials of higher degree because of the extra turning points, but for the family of n-degree polynomial functions for any given n, the parent function is sometimes taken as x n, or, to simplify further, x 2 when n is even and x 3 for odd n. Turning points may be established by ...
Every real polynomial of odd degree has an odd number of real roots (counting multiplicities); likewise, a real polynomial of even degree must have an even number of real roots. Consequently, real odd polynomials must have at least one real root (because the smallest odd whole number is 1), whereas even polynomials may have none.
The Legendre polynomial is determined by the values used for the two constants and , where = if is odd and = if is even. [ 2 ] In the fourth representation, ⌊ n / 2 ⌋ {\displaystyle \lfloor n/2\rfloor } stands for the largest integer less than or equal to n / 2 {\displaystyle n/2} .
The polynomial given by Strassen has very large coefficients, but by probabilistic methods, one can show there must exist even polynomials with coefficients just 0's and 1's such that the evaluation requires at least (/ ) multiplications. [10] For other simple polynomials, the complexity is unknown.
Note that the polynomial in parentheses is the derivative of the polynomial above with respect to a. Since a = n(n + 1)/2, these formulae show that for an odd power (greater than 1), the sum is a polynomial in n having factors n 2 and (n + 1) 2, while for an even power the polynomial has factors n, n + 1/2 and n + 1.