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This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f 2 (3 H 4) 6d 7s 2; 92 U : [Rn] 5f 3 (4 I o 9/2) 6d 7s 2; 93 Np : [Rn] 5f 4 (5 I 4) 6d 7s 2; 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f 14 7s 2 7p 1 question-marked; 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 question-marked
Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2 Ne, 10, neon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar, 18, argon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Kr, 36, krypton : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 ...
Atomic number (Z): 37: Group: group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals: Period: period 5: Block s-block Electron configuration [] 5sElectrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 ...
Rubidium crystals (silvery) compared to caesium crystals (golden) Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the stable alkali metals and has a very low first ionization energy of only 403 kJ/mol. [12] It has an electron configuration of [Kr]5s 1 and is photosensitive.
The configuration that corresponds to the lowest electronic energy is called the ground state. Any other configuration is an excited state. As an example, the ground state configuration of the sodium atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1, as deduced from the Aufbau principle (see below).
The stabilisation of ununennium's valence electron and thus the contraction of the 8s orbital cause its atomic radius to be lowered to 240 pm, [36]: 1729–1730 very close to that of rubidium (247 pm), [5] so that the chemistry of ununennium in the +1 oxidation state should be more similar to the chemistry of rubidium than to that of francium.
Naturally occurring calcium and barium are very weakly radioactive: calcium contains about 0.1874% calcium-48, [30] and barium contains about 0.1062% barium-130. [31] On average, one double-beta decay of calcium-48 will occur per second for every 90 tons of natural calcium, or 230 tons of limestone (calcium carbonate). [ 32 ]
A calcium atom has twenty electrons, with electron configuration [Ar]4s 2. Like the other elements placed in group 2 of the periodic table, calcium has two valence electrons in the outermost s-orbital, which are very easily lost in chemical reactions to form a dipositive ion with the stable electron configuration of a noble gas, in this case ...