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The underside of a waffle slab, showing the grid like structure. A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. [1] The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs.
A two-way slab has moment resisting reinforcement in both directions. [24] This may be implemented due to application requirements such as heavy loading, vibration resistance, clearance below the slab, or other factors. However, an important characteristic governing the requirement of a two-way slab is the ratio of the two horizontal lengths.
Hazard symbols; List of mathematical constants (typically letters and compound symbols) Glossary of mathematical symbols; List of physical constants (typically letters and compound symbols) List of common physics notations (typically letters used as variable names in equations) Rod of Asclepius / Caduceus as a symbol of medicine
The method adapts the strip method and is based on an elastic analysis of torsionally restrained two-way rectangular slabs with a uniformly distributed load. Marcus introduced a correction factor to the existing Rankine Grashoff theory in order to account for torsional restraints at the corners.
By reducing the weight of the slab without compromising its structural strength, it is possible to create a thicker slab to support more weight over a longer span. Hollow-core slabs , also known as voided slabs, initially appeared as one-way elements in Europe during the 1950s, and are still commonly manufactured in precast form for ...
Unlike an I-beam, a T-beam lacks a bottom flange, which carries savings in terms of materials, but at the loss of resistance to tensile forces. [5] T- beam designs come in many sizes, lengths and widths to suit where they are to be used (eg highway bridge, underground parking garage) and how they have to resist the tension, compression and shear stresses associated with beam bending in their ...
This adds a new symbol (symbol and/or tex) to the table which will span number-of-meanings rows. It also provides the data for the first row of the symbol/span, using the other parameters. Additional rows for this symbol/span are specified using form 2 below.
The continuous slab is then cut to required lengths by a large diamond circular saw. Factory production provides the obvious advantages of reduced time, labor and training. Another fabrication system produces hollow-core floor slabs in reinforced concrete (not prestressed). These are made on carousel production lines, directly to exact length ...