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National Pavement Cost Model (NAPCOM) estimates indicate that one 80,000-pound (36,000 kg) truck does as much damage to roads as 750 3,800-pound (1,700 kg) cars. [ 15 ] Some smaller bridges have a weight limit (or gross weight load rating) indicated by a posted sign (hence the reference to a "posted bridge").
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
CSI publishes MasterFormat, which is a standardized classification for construction information, such as detailed construction project cost estimates or construction specifications. Since its debut under another title in 1963, MasterFormat consisted of 16 Divisions representing broad categories of construction, such as Masonry , Concrete ...
The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
Concrete roadway in San Jose, California A concrete road in Ewing, New Jersey. Concrete surfaces (specifically, Portland cement concrete) are created using a concrete mix of Portland cement, coarse aggregate, sand, and water. In virtually all modern mixes there will also be various admixtures added to increase workability, reduce the required ...
Basis of estimate (BOE) is a tool used in the field of project management by which members of the project team, usually estimators, project managers, or cost analysts, calculate the total cost of the project.
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Roughness progression for a road in Texas, US. Blue dots show the times of maintenance. The international roughness index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles.