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The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external part of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal. [1] It gathers sound energy and focuses it on the eardrum ( tympanic membrane ).
These portions of the ear are supplied by the cervical plexus and a small portion by the facial nerve. This explains why vesicles are classically seen on the auricle in herpes infections of the facial nerve (Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II). [1] The auricle's functions are to collect sound and transform it into directional and other information.
The outer ear is the external portion of the ear and includes the fleshy visible auricle, the ear canal, and the outer layer of the eardrum (also called the tympanic membrane). [2] [3] The auricle consists of the curving outer rim called the helix, the inner curved rim called the antihelix, and opens into the ear canal.
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear.The adult human ear canal extends from the auricle to the eardrum and is about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in length and 0.7 centimetres (0.3 in) in diameter.
The human earlobe (lobulus auriculae), the lower portion of the outer ear, is composed of tough areolar and adipose connective tissues, lacking the firmness and elasticity of the rest of the auricle (the external structure of the ear). In some cases the lower lobe is connected to the side of the face.
The anterior auricular muscle, the smallest of the three auricular muscles, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct.It arises from the lateral edge of the epicranial aponeurosis, and its fibers converge to be inserted into a projection on the front of the helix.
The posterior auricular muscle is found behind the auricle of the outer ear. [1] It consists of two or three fleshy fasciculi. These arise from the mastoid part of the temporal bone by short aponeurotic fibers. [1] They insert into the lower part of the cranial surface of the auricle of the outer ear. [1]
External ear. Right auricle. Lateral view. ... This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1033 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)