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Diesel engines changed from 4-cylinder N47 to 3-cylinder BMW B37 (116d model) [40] and 4-cylinder BMW B47 (118d, 120d and 125d models). 116i and 118i models changed from 4-cylinder N13 engine to 3-cylinder B38. 120i model introduced, powered by the 4-cylinder N13 engine. M135i power increase of 5 kW ([convert: unit mismatch]) [41]
The engine also became available in the 5 Series BMW E60 and E61 from September 2007, several months after the 5 series was face lifted, during which time the older M47 remained available. In the 2008 model year 3 Series E90/E91/E92/E93 when the entire 3 series range gained the company's Efficient Dynamics technology.
The B47 engine is part of the modular family of engines, along with the B38, B48, B57 and B58. [1] The B47 complies with the Euro 6 emissions standard, and features a dual overhead camshaft with 4 valves per cylinder and a single turbocharger; while 165 kW (221 hp) and 170 kW (228 hp) engines feature twin-turbochargers.
The Prince family shares its basic block dimensions with the previous PSA TU engine family. Engineering design was directed by BMW using their Valvetronic variable valve lift system on the intake side, flow-controlled oil pump, timing chain, single belt drive of all ancillary units, composite camshafts and cylinder head produced by lost-foam casting.
The BMW 1 Series M Coupé (often referred to as the "1M") is the high-performance model of the E82 coupe range, sold under the BMW M performance sub-brand. While BMW naming convention would have called the car the "M1", an alternate name was chosen to avoid confusion with the BMW M1 supercar from the 1970's.
A thermostat exerts control by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or by regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature. A thermostat can often be the main control unit for a heating or cooling system, in applications ranging from ambient air control to automotive coolant control.
BMW also introduced a separate hatchback model under the 3 Series nameplate called the 3 Series Gran Turismo (F34). The F30 is the first generation of the 3 Series to be powered by a range of turbocharged engines exclusively and electric power steering (replacing the hydraulic power steering systems used previously). [ 4 ]
The scheme is widely used due to the efficiency with which it relaxes a system to some target (bath) temperature. In many instances, systems are initially equilibrated using the Berendsen scheme, while properties are calculated using the widely known Nosé–Hoover thermostat , which correctly generates trajectories consistent with a canonical ...