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The Principles and Standards for School Mathematics was developed by the NCTM. The NCTM's stated intent was to improve mathematics education. The contents were based on surveys of existing curriculum materials, curricula and policies from many countries, educational research publications, and government agencies such as the U.S. National Science Foundation. [3]
Richard Rusczyk has both authored and co-authored several textbooks for students in grades 5–12, including Pre-algebra, Introduction to Algebra, Introduction to Geometry, and many others. During his studies at Princeton University, he also wrote the Art of Problem Solving Volumes 1 and 2 with Sandor Lehoczky.
Pre-algebra is a common name for a course taught in middle school mathematics in the United States, usually taught in the 6th, 7th, 8th, or 9th grade. [1] The main objective of it is to prepare students for the study of algebra. Usually, Algebra I is taught in the 8th or 9th grade. [2]
A typical sequence of secondary-school (grades 6 to 12) courses in mathematics reads: Pre-Algebra (7th or 8th grade), Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Pre-calculus, and Calculus or Statistics. However, some students enroll in integrated programs [3] while many complete high school without passing Calculus or Statistics.
In mathematics, a basic algebraic operation is any one of the common operations of elementary algebra, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a whole number power, and taking roots (fractional power). [5] These operations may be performed on numbers, in which case they are often called arithmetic operations.
Precalculus prepares students for calculus somewhat differently from the way that pre-algebra prepares students for algebra. While pre-algebra often has extensive coverage of basic algebraic concepts, precalculus courses might see only small amounts of calculus concepts, if at all, and often involves covering algebraic topics that might not have been given attention in earlier algebra courses.