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Cellulose nitrate (c. 1889 – c. 1950) is the first of film supports.It can be found as roll film, motion picture film, and sheet film. It is difficult to determine the dates when all nitrate film was discontinued, however, Eastman Kodak last manufactured nitrate film in 1951. [1]
Professional color film, 'Natural Color' for subtle color and natural skin tones in low light or with flash. US: 135, 120, 220, Sheet film: Portra 400 Kodak: Portra 400VC: 1998–2010: T: 400: C-41: Print: Professional color film, 'Vivid Color' for vibrant color and slightly higher contrast to add snap to flat/overcast light. US: 135, 120, 220 ...
Nitrate film stock was used in every major film production before about 1951. Many silent films only survived because they were printed to 16 mm film , which did not use a nitrate base. A report published by the United States Library of Congress in September 2013 states that 70 percent of all American silent feature films are lost.
Although a very early pioneer in trichromatic color film (as early as 1908), invented by German chemists Rudolf Fischer and Benno Homolka [], Agfa film was first made commercially available in 1936 (16 mm reversal and 35 mm), [2] Agfa-Gevaert has discontinued their line of motion picture camera films.
The changeover was completed for X-ray films in 1933, but although safety film was always used for 16 mm and 8 mm home movies, nitrate film remained standard for theatrical 35 mm films until it was finally discontinued in 1951.
Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base in 1951, and the industry transitioned entirely to safety film in 1951 in the United States and by 1955 internationally. Since the late 1990s, almost all release prints have used polyester film stock.
Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly. While Kodak had discontinued some nitrate film stocks earlier, it stopped producing various nitrate roll films in 1950 and ceased production of nitrate 35 mm motion picture film in 1951. [49]
Not only was the preservation of nitrate film an ongoing problem, but it was then discovered that safety film, used as a replacement for the more volatile nitrate stock, was beginning to be affected by a unique form of decay known as "vinegar syndrome", and color film manufactured, in particular, by Eastman Kodak, was found to be at risk of ...