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  2. Film base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_base

    Because cellulose nitrate contains oxygen, nitrate fires are impossible to extinguish. The US Navy has produced an instructional movie about the safe handling and usage of nitrate films which includes footage of a full reel of nitrate film burning under water.

  3. Conservation and restoration of film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Cellulose acetate is also known as "safety" film and started to replace nitrate film in still photography in the 1920s. [1] There are several types of acetate that were produced after 1925, which include diacetate (c. 1923 – c. 1955), acetate propionate (1927 – c. 1949), acetate butyrate (1936–present), and triacetate (c. 1950 – present). [1]

  4. Nitrocellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrocellulose

    Nitrocellulose film base manufactured by Kodak can be identified by the presence of the word "nitrate" in dark letters along one edge; the word only in clear letters on a dark background indicates derivation from a nitrate base original negative or projection print, but the film in hand itself may be a later print or copy negative, made on ...

  5. Celluloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celluloid

    The first step is transforming raw cellulose into nitrocellulose by conducting a nitration reaction. This is achieved by exposing the cellulose fibers to an aqueous solution of nitric acid; the hydroxyl groups (-OH) will then be replaced with nitrate groups (-ONO 2) on the cellulose chain. The reaction can produce mixed products, depending on ...

  6. 1937 Fox vault fire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_Fox_vault_fire

    Film-storage cabinets with ventilation and cooling systems were also proposed, as was further research into improving the quality of cellulose acetate film to encourage its use as a safer replacement for nitrate film. [23] [24] By the 1950s, the use of nitrate film in the United States had been essentially eliminated. [25]

  7. Conservation and restoration of photographs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Nitrate sheet film was used widely though the 1930s, while nitrate roll film was used through the 1950s. The nitrate base was replaced with cellulose acetate in 1923. By 1937, Cellulose diacetate was used as the base, and beginning in 1947 Cellulose triacetate was used. [6] Polyester film was introduced around 1960. [7] 1935: Color photographs

  8. Cellulose acetate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_acetate

    Cellulose acetate film, made from cellulose diacetate and later cellulose triacetate, was introduced in 1934 as a replacement for the cellulose nitrate film stock that had previously been standard. When exposed to heat or moisture, acids in the film base begin to deteriorate to an unusable state, releasing acetic acid with a characteristic ...

  9. 1914 Lubin vault fire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_Lubin_vault_fire

    With concerns regarding the instability of nitrate film and the inherent dangers of storing it, many safety features were incorporated into the design and construction of Lubinville's one-story "fireproof" vault, which according to news accounts occupied a total area of 2,000 square feet (190 m 2) with perimeter walls of red brick 13 inches (33 ...