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Then, using the initial soil pH and the aluminium content, the amount of lime needed to raise the pH to a desired level can be calculated. [68] Amendments other than agricultural lime that can be used to increase the pH of soil include wood ash, industrial calcium oxide , magnesium oxide, basic slag (calcium silicate), and oyster shells.
USDA soil taxonomy (ST) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters (most commonly their properties) and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series.
Soil temperature depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. [68] Soil has a mean annual temperature from -10 to 26 °C according to biomes. [69] Soil temperature regulates seed germination, [70] breaking of seed dormancy, [71] [72] plant and root growth [73] and the availability of nutrients. [74]
English: I retrieved the soil pH maps from . In GIMP 2.4.3 I used the "Select by Color Tool" (threshold 15.0) to create pH-specific maps. Note that the original maps do not indicate actual pH values in the pH scale. For soils with acidic pH, I included the colors indicated by the leftmost 14 bars in the pH scale, ranging from red to pink.
However, colloids are not the only regulators of soil pH. The role of carbonates should be underlined, too. [134] More generally, according to pH levels, several buffer systems take precedence over each other, from calcium carbonate buffer range to iron buffer range. [135]
The preceding tables are for a multipurpose grade and certain levels can alter with regard to soil pH. Standards also exist for specialist soils suitable for plants with specific needs including acidic or ericaceous soil and calcareous soil. These have different pH levels to typical soil and are meant for growing different plant species.