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The Roman–Etruscan Wars, [1] also known as the Etruscan Wars [2] [3] or the Etruscan–Roman Wars, [4] were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (in both the regal and the republican periods) and the Etruscans. Information about many of the wars is limited, particularly those in the early parts of Rome's history, and in large part is ...
The Etruscan civilization (/ ɪ ˈ t r ʌ s k ən / ih-TRUS-kən) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. [2]
The third hypotheses was reported by Livy and Pliny the Elder, and puts the Etruscans in the context of the Rhaetian people to the north and other populations living in the Alps. [1] The first Greek author to mention the Etruscans, whom the Ancient Greeks called Tyrrhenians , was the 8th-century BC poet Hesiod , in his work, the Theogony .
Fresco in the François Tomb in Vulci with the liberation of Caelius Vibenna by Mastarna and Aulus Vibenna. Tyrrhenika was a history of the Etruscan people.From the Tabula Claudiana, which records an address by Claudius to the Roman Senate, [6] we know that within it was a chapter concerning the sixth king of Rome, Servius Tullius.
After the Etruscan defeat in the Roman–Etruscan Wars (264 BCE), the remaining Etruscan culture began to be assimilated into the Roman. The Roman Senate adopted key elements of the Etruscan religion, which were perpetuated by haruspices and noble Roman families who claimed Etruscan descent, long after the general population of Etruria had forgotten the language.
The Romans themselves regarded the family as Etruscan, and they were one of the few Roman gentes to use distinctly Etruscan praenomina; Lars Herminius held the consulship in 448 BC. [2] However, in the legend of the Sublician bridge, Titus Herminius may have represented the Sabine element of the Roman people. [3]
Rome was founded as a monarchy under Etruscan rule, and remained as such throughout the first two and a half centuries of its existence. Following the expulsion of Rome's last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, or "Tarquin the Proud," circa 509 BC, Rome became a republic and was henceforth led by a group of magistrates elected by the Roman people.
The Romans considered the sulcus primigenius —the sanctification of the course of a future city wall through a ritual plowing—to have been a continuation of similar Etruscan practices. Even before the Romans began to swallow up Etruscan territory, Italy had frequent wars, and by the later period had Celtic enemies to the north, and an ...