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  2. Glia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glia

    Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), glial cells known as Schwann cells (or also as neuri-lemmocytes) promote repair. After axonal injury, Schwann cells regress to an earlier ...

  3. Brain cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_cell

    Glial cells are the supporting cells of the neurons. [1] The three types of glial cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, known collectively as macroglia, and the smaller scavenger cells known as microglia. Glial stem cells are found in all parts of the adult brain. [1]

  4. Microglia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia

    Microglia are a type of glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). [1] Microglia account for about 10–15% of cells found within the brain. [2] As the resident macrophage cells, they act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. [3]

  5. Satellite glial cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_glial_cell

    Satellite glial cells are a type of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, specifically in sensory, [2] sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. [3] They compose the thin cellular sheaths that surround the individual neurons in these ganglia. In a SGC, the cell body is denoted by the region containing the single, relatively large nucleus ...

  6. Outline of the human nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human...

    An action potential (or nerve impulse) is a transient alteration of the transmembrane voltage (or membrane potential) across the membrane in an excitable cell generated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in the membrane. The best known action potentials are pulse-like waves that travel along the axons of neurons.

  7. Human brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain

    Betz cells are the largest cells (by size of cell body) in the nervous system. [40] The adult human brain is estimated to contain 86±8 billion neurons, with a roughly equal number (85±10 billion) of non-neuronal cells. [41] Out of these neurons, 16 billion (19%) are located in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion (80%) are in the cerebellum ...

  8. List of human cell types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_cell_types

    The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...

  9. Brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

    Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan. [ 73 ] There has long been debate about whether the qualities of mind , personality, and intelligence can be attributed to heredity or to upbringing . [ 74 ]