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X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, ...
Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.
This corresponds to the process in the iron case: with iron, a 2p electron is excited to a 3d state by an X-ray of about 700 eV. [3] Because the 3d electron states are the origin of the magnetic properties of the elements, the spectra contain information on the magnetic properties.
An X-ray spectrograph consists of a high voltage power supply (50 kV or 100 kV), a broad band X-ray tube, usually with a tungsten anode and a beryllium window, a specimen holder, an analyzing crystal, a goniometer, and an X-ray detector device. These are arranged as shown in Fig. 1.
X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering , when there is no change in the energy of the waves.
Natural X-ray sources: Astrophysical X-ray source, as viewed in X-ray astronomy; X-ray background; Naturally occurring radionuclides; Artificial X-ray sources Radiopharmaceuticals in radiopharmacology. Radioactive tracer; Brachytherapy; X-ray tube, a vacuum tube that produces X-rays when current flows through it; X-ray laser
X-ray star may refer to: Be/X-ray binary, a class of high-mass X-ray binaries that consist of a Be star and a neutron star; X-ray binary, a class of binary stars that are luminous in X-rays; X-ray burster, a class of X-ray binary stars exhibiting periodic and rapid increases in luminosity that peak in the X-ray regime of the electromagnetic ...