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The first important contributions to aesthetic theory are usually considered to stem from philosophers in Ancient Greece, among which the most noticeable are Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus. When interpreting writings from this time, it is worth noticing that it is debatable whether an exact equivalent to the term beauty existed in classical Greek.
Aesthetics examines the philosophy of aesthetic value, which is determined by critical judgments of artistic taste; [2] thus, the function of aesthetics is the "critical reflection on art, culture and nature". [3] [4] Aesthetics studies natural and artificial sources of experiences and how people form a judgment about those sources of experience.
Aristotle and his school wrote tractates on physics, biology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Any school of thought that takes one of Aristotle's distinctive positions as its starting point can be considered "Aristotelian" in the widest sense.
Aristotle [A] (Attic Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, romanized: Aristotélēs; [B] 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts.
However, Greek and Roman philosophers such as Aristotle [8] and Plato [9] engaged in the rhetorical debate of aesthetic perception and properties as a separate branch of philosophy in defining the parameters of art and beauty. [7] Ancient aesthetics shows the origin of aesthetic debate and influences modern aesthetic definitions. [4]
Aristotle applies his theory of hylomorphism to living things. He defines a soul as that which makes a living thing alive. [19] Life is a property of living things, just as knowledge and health are. [20] Therefore, a soul is a form—that is, a specifying principle or cause—of a living thing. [21]
Hippocrates Apostle, Aristotle's On the Soul, (Grinell, Iowa: Peripatetic Press, 1981). ISBN 0-9602870-8-6; D.W. Hamlyn, Aristotle De Anima, Books II and III (with passages from Book I), translated with Introduction and Notes by D.W. Hamlyn, with a Report on Recent Work and a Revised Bibliography by Christopher Shields (Oxford: Clarendon Press ...
Aristotle analyzed the golden mean in the Nicomachean Ethics Book II: That virtues of character can be described as means. It was subsequently emphasized in Aristotelian virtue ethics. [1] For example, in the Aristotelian view, courage is a virtue, but if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness, and, in deficiency, cowardice. The middle ...