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Severely elevated blood pressure (equal to or greater than 180 mmHg systolic or 120 mmHg diastolic) is referred to as a hypertensive crisis (sometimes termed malignant or accelerated hypertension), due to the high risk of complications.
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [1] [2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [3] [4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [3]
If the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called isolated systolic hypertension. [2] Eighty percent of people with systolic hypertension are over the age of 65 years old. [3] Isolated systolic hypertension is a specific type of widened (or high) pulse pressure.
Guidelines for treating resistant hypertension have been published in the UK [45] and US. [46] It has been proposed that a proportion of resistant hypertension may be the result of chronic high activity of the autonomic nervous system, known as "neurogenic hypertension". [47] Low adherence to treatment is an important cause of resistant ...
In addition, hypertension precedes heart failure in 90% of cases, [7] and the majority of heart failure in the elderly may be attributable to hypertension. [17] Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths worldwide in 2004 (or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally), and was ranked 13th in the leading ...
Benign hypertension or benign essential hypertension are medical terms now considered obsolete, but once used to describe mild to moderate hypertension (high blood pressure). These historical terms are considered misleading, [1] as hypertension is never benign. Coonsequently, the terms have fallen out of use (see history of hypertension).
The high pulse pressure in elderly people with hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension is explained by increased arterial stiffness, which typically accompanies aging and may be exacerbated by high blood pressure. [81] Many mechanisms have been proposed to account for the rise in peripheral resistance in hypertension.
Orthostatic diastolic hypertension is a condition in which the diastolic BP raises to 98 mmHg or over in response to standing, [2] [3] [4] but this definition currently lacks clear medical consensus, so is subject to change. Orthostatic hypertension involving the systolic BP is known as systolic orthostatic hypertension.