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Blood oxygenation level-dependent imaging, or BOLD-contrast imaging, is a method used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe different areas of the brain or other organs, which are found to be active at any given time.
The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, [4] discovered by Seiji Ogawa in 1990. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow ( hemodynamic response ) related to energy use by brain ...
The hemodynamic response is the basis for the BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) contrast in fMRI. [5] The hemodynamic response occurs within seconds of the presented stimuli, but it is essential to space out the events in order to ensure that the response being measured is from the event that was presented and not from a prior event.
Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (f/ALFF) are neuroimaging methods used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in BOLD-fMRI signal intensity for a given region in the resting brain. Electrophysiological studies suggest that low-frequency oscillations arise from spontaneous ...
In single-voxel fMRS the selection of the volume of interest (VOI) is often done by running a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study prior to fMRS to localize the brain region activated by the task. Single-voxel spectroscopy requires shorter acquisition times; therefore it is more suitable for fMRS studies where high temporal ...
Functional connectivity, which fMRI evaluates, is the activity coordination between brain regions. It is measured as "temporal correlations of low-frequency oscillations in the BOLD signal between anatomically distinct brain areas" and can reveal resting state networks. [17]