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Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
However, long exposures to the cold can be risky, and while most people know about the dangers of frostbite, parents especially should be aware of its milder stage that serves as a warning sign.
Preventative measures such as rotating trench positions, changing socks multiple times per day, and using whale oil on one's feet were introduced to reduce incidence of cases. [2] Cold skin injuries are still prominent in the modern era, with 1,120 cases of frostbite and 590 cases of trench foot reported in the US military from 2015-2020. [8]
Frostbite has been described in military history for millennia. The Greeks encountered and discussed the problem of frostbite as early as 400 BC. [11] Researchers have found evidence of frostbite in humans dating back 5,000 years, in an Andean mummy. Napoleon's Army was the first documented instance of mass cold injury in the early 1800s. [7]
The US Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved the first treatment for severe frostbite to reduce the risk of finger or toe amputation in adults.
Mild frostbite is usually treated with painkillers and antibiotics. ... US FDA approves first treatment for severe frostbite. February 14, 2024 at 1:03 PM (Reuters) - The U.S. Food and Drug ...
An aerosol frostbite of the skin is an injury to the body caused by the pressurized gas within an aerosol spray cooling quickly, with the sudden drop in temperature sufficient to cause frostbite to the applied area. [1] Medical studies have noted an increase of this practice, known as "frosting", in pediatric and teenage patients. [2] [3]
The common practice of traveling in a group improves safety in all regards. If one person is injured, group members can administer first aid or seek help. A group can avoid poor decisions that a lone traveler might make. If an emergency occurs, a group can pool its muscle power, brain power, and body heat.