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The earliest evidence of rice cultivation in Mainland Southeast Asia come from the Ban Chiang site in northern Thailand (ca. 2000 to 1500 BC); and the An Sơn site in southern Vietnam (ca. 2000 to 1200 BC). [10] [23] A genomic study indicates that rice diversified into Maritime Southeast Asia between 2,500 and 1,500 years ago. [18]
Rice plant (Oryza sativa) with branched panicles containing many grains on each stem Rice grains of different varieties at the International Rice Research Institute Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population , particularly in Asia and Africa .
The principal rice-producing countries are in East and South Asia. Where rice originated has always been a hot point of debate between India and China, as both countries started cultivating it around the same time (according to numerous history books and records). Muslims brought rice to Sicily in the 9th century.
Helmeted guinea fowl in tall grass. Many foods were originally domesticated in West Africa, including grains like African rice, Pearl Millet, Sorghum, and Fonio; tree crops like Kola nut, used in Coca-Cola, and Oil Palm; and other globally important plant foods such as Watermelon, Tamarind, Okra, Black-eye peas, and Yams. [2]
~1000 BCE: Rice cultivation spreads to the Middle East and Madagascar. [25] ~1000 BCE: Lower bound for the cultivation of cucumbers in the western Asia. [33] 5th century BCE: Garum was used in Greek cuisine [49] 500 BCE: At this date, tomato was already being cultivated in southern Mexico and probably other areas. [50]: 13
Domestic pigs had multiple centres of origin in Eurasia, including Europe, East Asia and Southwest Asia, [36] where wild boar were first domesticated about 10,500 years ago. [37] Sheep were domesticated in Mesopotamia between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC. [38] Cattle were domesticated from the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and India ...
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population. It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa. Rice provides 20% of the world's dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%. [29]