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Marcionism, regarded as heresy by contemporary mainstream Christianity, was an Early Christian dualist belief system that originated in the teachings of Marcion of Sinope at Rome around the year 144. [note 12] Marcion asserted that Paul was the only apostle who had rightly understood the new message of salvation as delivered by Christ. [374]
Paul the Apostle, a Pharisee Jew, who had persecuted the early Christians of the Roman Province of Judea, converted c. 33 –36 [2] [3] [4] and began to proselytize among the Gentiles. According to Paul, Gentile converts could be allowed exemption from Jewish commandments, arguing that all are justified by their faith in Jesus.
Its prevalence in nations with a Christian heritage is primarily due to its attachment to Saint Paul the Apostle, whose Greek name was Παῦλος, Paûlos, a transliteration from the Latin, also carrying the "modest" meaning of this name, and chosen because of its similarity to his Jewish name Šaul. The name Paul is common, with variations ...
The Theology of Paul the Apostle Eerdmans 1997 ISBN 0-8028-3844-8; Dunn, James D. G. The Apostle of the Heretics: Paul, Valentinus, and Marcion, in Porter, Stanley E.; Yoon, David, Paul and Gnosis BRILL 2016 ISBN 9789004316690; Ehrman, Bart D. Lost Christianities: The Battle for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew 2003; Elsner, Jas.
In Europe, it is a patronymic surname based on Christian religious naming traditions mainly related to Paul the Apostle. In the Indian subcontinent, it is traditionally believed that 'Pal' originated from the Sanskrit pala, meaning "protector" or "keeper". [citation needed] Many families subsequently anglicized their surnames.
The Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents.
In addition to Paul's geographic location, his religious views are important. First, Paul was a Hellenistic Jew with a Pharisaic background (see Gamaliel), integral to his identity (see Paul the Apostle and Judaism). His concern for his people is one part of the dialogue and runs throughout the letter.
He was said to have been consecrated by Peter the Apostle, and he is known to have been a leading member of the Church in Rome in the late 1st century. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The First Epistle of Clement ( c. AD 96 ) [ 11 ] was copied and widely read and is generally considered to be the oldest Christian epistle in existence outside of the New Testament .