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The Yokuts were reduced by around 93% between 1850 and 1900, with many of the survivors being forced into indentured servitude sanctioned by the so-called "California State Act for the Government and Protection of Indians". A few Valley Yokuts remain, the most prominent tribe among them being the Tachi Yokut.
Traditionally, 60 Yokuts tribes lived-in south-central California to the east of Porterville. By the end of the 19th century their population was reduced by 75% due to warfare and high fatalities from European diseases. The surviving Yokuts banded together on the Tule River Reservation, including the Yowlumne, Wukchumni bands of Yokut. [3]
Tule–Kaweah was a major dialect of the Yokuts language of California, or possibly a distinct but closely related language. [2]Wukchumni, the last surviving dialect, had [when?] only one native or fluent speaker, Marie Wilcox (both native and fluent), who compiled a dictionary of the language.
Closeup map of historical Yawelmani distribution . Yawelmani Yokuts (also spelled Yowlumne and Yauelmani) is an endangered dialect of Southern Valley Yokuts historically spoken by the Yokuts living along the Kern River north of Kern Lake in the Central Valley of California. [2] Today, most Yawelmani speakers live on or near the Tule River ...
The Wukchumni (English: / w ʌ k ˈ tʃ ʌ m n i /) are a Yokuts tribe of California with about 200 members, residing on the Tule River Reservation. 3000 years ago, they broke off from the main Yokuts group and settled in the region of the east fork of the Kaweah River.
Painted Rock is an archaeological and sacred site of the Yokuts of the Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation in Tulare County, California. [1] [2] Painted Rock contains petroglyphs visited and described by Walter James Hoffman in 1882 [3] and by Clinton Hart Merriam in 1903. [4]
Although the United States drafted a treaty with the local tribes in 1851 (one of 18 such treaties signed state-wide, setting aside 7.5 percent of California's land area), [3] defining a proposed reservation and 200 head of cattle per year, [4] the US Senate failed to ratify any of the eighteen treaties in a secret vote cast on July 8, 1852 ...
He also continued his research into the Yokuts, interviewing more than 200 elders and a number of settlers. From this information gathered for more than a half-century, Latta compiled and published the Handbook of Yokuts Indians (1949). The first edition was published in a limited issue of 500 copies, through the Kern County Museum.