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  2. Time constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_constant

    This means that the time constant is the time elapsed after 63% of V max has been reached Setting for t = for the fall sets V(t) equal to 0.37V max, meaning that the time constant is the time elapsed after it has fallen to 37% of V max. The larger a time constant is, the slower the rise or fall of the potential of a neuron.

  3. Thermistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor

    A thermistor is a semiconductor type of ... of the dissipation constant. For example, the thermistor may be used as a flow-rate sensor, since the dissipation constant ...

  4. Temperature jump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_Jump

    where R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature. When a single step in a reaction is perturbed in a temperature jump experiment, the reaction follows a single exponential decay function with time constant equal to a function of the forward (k a) and reverse (k b) rate constants.

  5. Arrhenius plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius_plot

    In consequence, the reaction rate constant increases rapidly with temperature , as shown in the direct plot of against . (Mathematically, at very high temperatures so that E a ≪ R T {\displaystyle E_{\text{a}}\ll RT} , k {\displaystyle k} would level off and approach A {\displaystyle A} as a limit, but this case does not occur under practical ...

  6. Inrush current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_current

    A thermistor is a thermally-sensitive resistor with a resistance that changes significantly and predictably as a result of temperature changes. The resistance of an NTC thermistor decreases as its temperature increases. [2] As the inrush current limiter self-heats, the current begins to flow through it and warm it.

  7. Self-regulating heater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-regulating_heater

    Since PTC heating elements are a kind of thermistor, they share the same principles of operation. The details depend on the type of material, but a class of materials widely used are crystalline ceramics. During manufacture, dopants are added to give the material semiconductor properties. These materials have somewhat negative temperature ...

  8. Wien bridge oscillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien_bridge_oscillator

    Oscillators that use limiting for amplitude control often have significant harmonic distortion. At low frequencies, as the time period of the Wien bridge oscillator approaches the thermal time constant of the incandescent bulb, the circuit operation becomes more nonlinear, and the output distortion rises significantly.

  9. Johnson–Nyquist noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson–Nyquist_noise

    Dividing the average energy transferred from each resistor to the line by the transit time interval results in a total power of transferred over bandwidth on average from each resistor. Nyquist's 1928 paper "Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors" [ 6 ] used concepts about potential energy and harmonic oscillators from the ...