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A lobotomy (from Greek λοβός (lobos) 'lobe' and τομή (tomē) 'cut, slice') or leucotomy is a discredited form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy, depression) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. [1]
The prefrontal cortex, the most anterior region of the brain, comprises several key areas that are particularly important for higher mental functions that control various aspects of human personality including anticipation and planning, initiative/judgement, memory and the control of decision making. [13]
Prefrontal lobotomy [ edit ] The bilateral interruption or severing of the connection between thalamocortical radiations and the medial and anterior thalamic nuclei results in a prefrontal lobotomy , which causes a drastic personality change and a subdued behavioral disposition without cortical injury.
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression. [11] [12] Its effects may take up to four weeks but can also manifest as early as one to two weeks.
Doses of quetiapine used for insomnia have ranged from 12.5 to 800 mg, with low doses of 25 to 200 mg being the most typical. [38] [31] [32] Regardless of the dose used, some of the more serious adverse effects may still possibly occur at the lower dosing ranges, such as dyslipidemia and neutropenia.
Aribit (Aripiprazole) tablets. Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada, among others, is an atypical antipsychotic [8] primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder; [8] other uses include as an add-on treatment for major depressive disorder and tic disorders. [8]
Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, kidney problems, allergic reactions, and electrolyte problems. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] Losartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the ability of the kidneys to absorb electrolytes. [1]
Serious side effects include hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, and lithium toxicity. [5] Blood level monitoring is recommended to decrease the risk of potential toxicity. [ 5 ] If levels become too high, diarrhea, vomiting, poor coordination, sleepiness, and ringing in the ears may occur. [ 5 ]