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Hyaline cartilage is the most common kind of cartilage in the human body. [2] It is primarily composed of type II collagen and proteoglycans. [2] Hyaline cartilage is located in the trachea, nose, epiphyseal plate, sternum, and ribs. [2] Hyaline cartilage is covered externally by a fibrous membrane known as the perichondrium. [2]
Cartilage is classified into three types — elastic cartilage, hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage — which differ in their relative amounts of collagen and proteoglycan. As cartilage does not contain blood vessels or nerves, it is insensitive. However, some fibrocartilage such as the meniscus of the knee has partial blood supply.
Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline). [1] Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also forms the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column.
All three main types of cartilage found in vertebrates are represented among the different squid species: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage. Tubercles of hyaline cartilage are primarily associated with cranchiid or glass squid.
Perichondrium can be found around the perimeter of elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage. Perichondrium is a type of irregular collagenous ordinary connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Perichondrium contains type I collagen [1] and type XII collagen. [2]
If hyaline cartilage is torn all the way down to the bone, the blood supply from inside the bone is sometimes enough to start some healing inside the lesion. In cases like this, the body will form a scar in the area using a special type of cartilage called fibrocartilage. [2]
The vomeronasal cartilage is a thin piece of hyaline cartilage that attaches to the vomer and extends to the septal nasal cartilage. [10] This structure is associated with the vomeronasal organ, which is part of the accessory olfactory system. This associated organ plays an important role in the sense of smell by being lined with similar ...
Type II collagen is the basis for hyaline cartilage, including the articular cartilages at joint surfaces. It is formed by homotrimers of collagen, type II, alpha 1 chains. It makes up 50% of all protein in cartilage and 85–90% of collagen of articular cartilage. Type II collagen is organised into fibrils.