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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
The normal blood reference range of chloride for adults in most labs is 96 to 106 milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. The normal range may vary slightly from lab to lab. Normal ranges are usually shown next to results in the lab report. A diagnostic test may use a chloridometer to determine the serum chloride level.
Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays). [6] Arterial levels for drugs are generally higher than venous levels because of extraction while passing through tissues. [6]
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [20] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...
In whole blood (g/cm 3) In plasma or serum (g/cm 3) Water: Solvent 0.81-0.86 0.93-0.95 Acetoacetate: Produced in liver 8-40 × 10 −7: 4-43 × 10 −7: Acetone: product of bodyfat breakdown 3-20 × 10 −6: Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system: 6.6-8.2 × 10 −8: Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage total 3. ...
A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary mineral (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [19]
Outside the United States, blood tests made up of the majority of the same biochemical tests are called urea and electrolytes (U&E or "U and Es"), or urea, electrolytes, creatinine (UEC or EUC or CUE), and are often referred to as 'kidney function tests' as they also include a calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. The BMP provides ...
An early hemoglobinometer: blood samples were compared to a colour chart of reference standards to determine the hemoglobin level. [199] Before automated cell counters were introduced, complete blood count tests were performed manually: white and red blood cells and platelets were counted using microscopes. [200]