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  2. Reductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductionism

    For example, what John Polkinghorne terms 'conceptual' or 'epistemological' reductionism [5] is the definition provided by Simon Blackburn [10] and by Jaegwon Kim: [11] that form of reductionism which concerns a program of replacing the facts or entities involved in one type of discourse with other facts or entities from another type, thereby ...

  3. Economic determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_determinism

    Economic determinism is a socioeconomic theory that economic relationships (such as being an owner or capitalist or being a worker or proletarian) are the foundation upon which all other societal and political arrangements in society are based.

  4. Social theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_theory

    Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. [1] A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity.

  5. Determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinism

    Nomological determinism is the most common form of causal determinism and is generally synonymous with physical determinism. This is the notion that the past and the present dictate the future entirely and necessarily by rigid natural laws and that every occurrence inevitably results from prior events.

  6. Social determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_determinism

    Social determinism is the theory that social interactions alone determine individual behavior (as opposed to biological or objective factors). [citation needed]A social determinist would only consider social dynamics like customs, cultural expectations, education, and interpersonal interactions as the contributing factors to shape human behavior.

  7. Technological determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_determinism

    As a more moderate version of media determinism, he proposed that our use of particular media may have subtle influences on us, but more importantly, it is the social context of use that is crucial. [26] See also Media ecology. Media determinism is a form of the popular dominant theory of the relationship between technology and society. In a ...

  8. Antireductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireductionism

    The opposite of reductionism is holism, a word coined by Jan Smuts in Holism and Evolution, that understanding a system can be done only as a whole.One form of antireductionism (epistemological) holds that we simply are not capable of understanding systems at the level of their most basic constituents, and so the program of reductionism must fail.

  9. Social structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structure

    The latter, for example, investigated and analyzed the institutions of modern society: market, bureaucracy (private enterprise and public administration), and politics (e.g. democracy). One of the earliest and most comprehensive accounts of social structure was provided by Karl Marx, who related political, cultural, and religious life to the ...