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MAKO Surgical was founded in 2004 by Rony Abovitz and other key members of its predecessor Z-KAT, Inc. [9] Z-KAT was founded in 1997 by Rony Abovitz, William Tapia, Michael Peshkin Ph.D., Julio Santos-Munne, and Wayne J. Kerness, M.D. and was developing a novel haptic robotic system for medical applications, amongst a wide variety of computer-assisted surgery technologies.
A robot surgical system generally consists of one or more arms (controlled by the surgeon), a master controller (console), and a sensory system giving feedback to the user. [1] [2] Remote surgery combines elements of robotics, telecommunications such as high-speed data connections and elements of management information systems.
da Vinci patient-side component (left) and surgeon console (right) A surgeon console at the treatment centre of Addenbrooke's Hospital The da Vinci System consists of a surgeon's console that is typically in the same room as the patient, and a patient-side cart with three to four interactive robotic arms (depending on the model) controlled from the console.
Silicon Valley is raising the bar for robotic surgery and setting milestones as the technology looks to incorporate augmented reality and artificial intelligence to help surgeons.
MiroSurge [1] is a presently prototypic robotic system (as of May 2012) designed mainly for research [2] [3] [4] in minimally invasive telesurgery.In the described configuration, the system is designed according to the master slave principle and enables the operator to remotely control minimally invasive surgical instruments including force/torque feedback.
ZEUS had three robotic arms, which were remotely controlled by the surgeon. The first arm, AESOP (Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning), was a voice-activated endoscope, allowing the surgeon to see inside the patient's body. The other two robotic arms mimicked the surgeon's movements to make precise incisions and extractions.
The da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical system. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console. This minimally invasive surgical approach is commonly used for prostatectomies and increasingly for cardiac valve repair and gynaecologic surgical procedures. [13] [14] A da Vinci Surgical System costs approximately $1.5 million. [15]
A surgical robot is a mechanical device (generally looking like a robotic arm) that is computer-controlled. Robotic surgery can be divided into three types, depending on the degree of surgeon interaction during the procedure: supervisory-controlled, telesurgical, and shared-control. [2]