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The Septuagint may have originally used the Hebrew letters themselves amid its Greek text, [31] [32] but there is no scholarly consensus on this point. All surviving Christian-era manuscripts use Kyrios (Κυριος 'Lord') or very occasionally Theos (Θεος 'God') to translate the many thousand occurrences of the Name. [33]
The Vulgate (Latin translation) made from the Hebrew in the 4th century CE, [127] uses the word Dominus ("Lord"), a translation of the Hebrew word Adonai, for the Tetragrammaton. [126] The Vulgate translation, though made not from the Septuagint but from the Hebrew text, did not depart from the practice used in the Septuagint.
In the Hebrew Bible, adoni, with the suffix for the first person possessive, means "my lord", and is a term of respect that may refer to God [8] or to a human superior, [9] or occasionally an angel, whereas adonai (literally "my lords") is reserved for God alone.
Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu, melekh ha'olam, asher kideshanu be'mitzvotav ve'ratza banu, ve'shabbat kodsho be'ahava u've'ratzon hinchilanu, zikaron le'ma'ase vereshit. Ki hu yom techila le'mik'raei kodesh, zecher li'yziat mitzrayim. Ki vanu vacharta ve'otanu kidashta mi'kol ha'amim, ve'shabbat kodshecha be'ahava u've'ratzon hinchaltanu.
The name of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible is the Tetragrammaton (Hebrew: יהוה, romanized: YHWH). [8] Jews traditionally do not pronounce it, and instead refer to God as HaShem, literally "the Name". [8] In prayer, the Tetragrammaton is substituted with the pronunciation Adonai, meaning "My Lord". [10]
Early modern translators disregarded the practice of reading Adonai (or its equivalents in Greek and Latin, Κύριος and Dominus) [b] in place of the Tetragrammaton and instead combined the four Hebrew letters of the Tetragrammaton with the vowel points that, except in synagogue scrolls, accompanied them, resulting in the form Jehovah. [28]
Adonai: often translated as "L ORD", it is read in place of the YHWH written in the Hebrew text; Samaritans say Shema, which is Aramaic for "the [Divine] Name" and is the exact equivalent of the Hebrew ha-Shem, which Rabbinic Jews substitute for Adonai in a non-liturgical context such as everyday speech.
The all caps or small caps writing differentiate this from "Lord" in normal type, which is the standard translation for the Hebrew epithet אדני (transliterated Adonai), meaning "my Lord". This word may be used in reference to historical figures or to God, in the construction ""Lord G OD " (coded as Lord {{LORD|G|OD}} , or Lord {{GOD}} using ...