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Translation Khuzdul names Translation Azaghâl: A lord of the Belegost Dwarves in The Silmarillion, ch. 20: Mahal: Aulë, known to the dwarves as the Maker. Azanulbizar 'Dimrill Dale' lit: "Shadows of streams/rills" or "Dark stream dale". Mîm: A Petty-Dwarf, possibly an 'inner name'. Barazinbar 'Redhorn' (Caradhras), also shortened to Baraz ...
The English philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien created several constructed languages, mostly related to his fictional world of Middle-earth.Inventing languages, something that he called glossopoeia (paralleling his idea of mythopoeia or myth-making), was a lifelong occupation for Tolkien, starting in his teens.
According to Tolkien himself, those found in The Hobbit are a form of "English runes" used in lieu of the Dwarvish runes proper. [19] They can be interpreted as an attempt made by Tolkien to adapt the Fuþorc (i.e., the Old English runic alphabet) to the Modern English language. [20]
J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, many times since its publication in 1954–55. Known translations are listed here; the exact number is hard to determine, for example because the European and Brazilian dialects of Portuguese are sometimes counted separately, as are the Nynorsk and Bokmål forms of Norwegian, and the ...
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into dozens of languages from the original English. He was critical of some early versions, and made efforts to improve translation by providing a detailed "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings", alongside an appendix "On Translation" in the book itself.
Tolkien wrote out most samples of Elvish languages with the Latin alphabet, but within the fiction he imagined many writing systems for his Elves. The best-known are the " Tengwar of Fëanor", but the first system he created, c. 1919, is the "Tengwar of Rúmil", also called the sarati .
In Tolkien’s works, these doors were crafted by Durin I (aka Durin the Deathless), the founder of Khazad-dûm, and are famously inscribed with the phrase "Speak, friend, and enter."
A pseudotranslation is a text written as if it had been translated from a foreign language. J. R. R. Tolkien made use of pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings for two reasons: to help resolve the linguistic puzzle he had accidentally created by using real-world languages within his legendarium, and to lend realism by supporting a found manuscript conceit to frame his story.