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  2. Free will theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will_theorem

    The free will theorem states: Given the axioms, if the choice about what measurement to take is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters (free will assumption), then the results of the measurements cannot be determined by anything previous to the experiments. That is an "outcome open" theorem:

  3. Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdős_conjecture_on...

    In 1936, Erdős and Turán made the weaker conjecture that any set of integers with positive natural density contains infinitely many 3 term arithmetic progressions. [1] This was proven by Klaus Roth in 1952, and generalized to arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions by Szemerédi in 1975 in what is now known as Szemerédi's theorem.

  4. Tits alternative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tits_alternative

    A linear group is not amenable if and only if it contains a non-abelian free group (thus the von Neumann conjecture, while not true in general, holds for linear groups). The Tits alternative is an important ingredient [2] in the proof of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. In fact the alternative essentially establishes the result ...

  5. Approximation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation_theory

    One problem of particular interest is that of approximating a function in a computer mathematical library, using operations that can be performed on the computer or calculator (e.g. addition and multiplication), such that the result is as close to the actual function as possible.

  6. List of long mathematical proofs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_long_mathematical...

    1905 Emanuel Lasker's original proof of the Lasker–Noether theorem took 98 pages, but has since been simplified: modern proofs are less than a page long. 1963 Odd order theorem by Feit and Thompson was 255 pages long, which at the time was over 10 times as long as what had previously been considered a long paper in group theory.

  7. Law of large numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_large_numbers

    The modern proof of the strong law is more complex than that of the weak law, and relies on passing to an appropriate subsequence. [17] The strong law of large numbers can itself be seen as a special case of the pointwise ergodic theorem. This view justifies the intuitive interpretation of the expected value (for Lebesgue integration only) of a ...

  8. These Free Calculators Will Do Your Student Loan ... - AOL

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  9. Milstein method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milstein_method

    For this derivation, we will only look at geometric Brownian motion (GBM), the stochastic differential equation of which is given by: = + with real constants and .Using Itō's lemma we get: ⁡ = +