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Upward communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks.
This results in mostly downward communication from supervisors to employees. [4] Little upward communication occurs, causing subordinates to be somewhat suspicious of communication coming from the top. The upper management tends to control the way employees can communicate to others and how they make decisions. [4]
The upward widening movement of the helix represents a form of optimism by seeing communication as a means of growth, learning, and improvement. [ 162 ] [ 163 ] The basic idea behind Dance's helical model of communication is also found in education theory in the spiral approach proposed by Jerome Bruner . [ 164 ]
Informal and formal communication are used in an organization. Formal communication flows downward, horizontal and upward while informal communication is generally referred to as "the grapevine". Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes.
In an organization, communication occurs between members of different hierarchical positions. Superior-subordinate communication refers to the interactions between organizational leaders and their subordinates and how they work together to achieve personal and organizational goals [1] Satisfactory upward and downward communication is essential for a successful organization because it closes ...
Communication and management are closely linked together. Since communication is the process of information exchange of two or people and management includes managers that gives out information to their people. Moreover, communication and management go hand in hand. [1] It is the way to extend control; the fundamental component of project ...
Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement, [3] introducing the concepts of downward [4] and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons. [5] Social comparison can be traced back to the pivotal paper by Herbert Hyman, back in 1942.
The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.