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Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo artificial selection if maintained ex situ for multiple generations. [3]
The need for public institutions addressing environmental issues in Nigeria became a necessity in the aftermath of the 1988 toxic waste affair in Koko, Nigeria. [9] This prompted the government, led by President Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida, to promulgate Decree 58 of 1988, establishing the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) as the country's environmental watchdog.
The ministry works to ensure the control of environmental issues and the protection and conservation of natural resources. It also formulates policies and supervises activities for curbing desertification and deforestation; the management of flood, erosion and pollution; as well as climate change and clean energy.
Remediation technologies are many and varied but can generally be categorized into ex-situ and in-situ methods. Ex-situ methods involve excavation of affected soils and subsequent treatment at the surface as well as extraction of contaminated groundwater and treatment at the surface. In-situ methods seek to treat the contamination without ...
The board approved the project on May 8, 2012. It commenced operation on September 16, 2013, with the appointment of Amos Abu, Ruth Jane Kennedy-Walker, and Grant Milne as team leaders, the Federal Ministry of Environment as the implementing agency, and a total project cost of US$650 million and committed amount of World Bank of US$500 million.
Several methods can combat deforestation in Nigeria: Implementing alley cropping, timber tree planting, mined area rehabilitation, and private sector tree planting [76] [77] to restore forest cover and ecosystem services. Enforcing government laws, promoting eco-forestry practices, and encouraging the use of alternative energy sources. [78] [79]
Bioremediation techniques can be classified as (i) in situ techniques, which treat polluted sites directly, vs (ii) ex situ techniques which are applied to excavated materials. [8] In both these approaches, additional nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and pH buffers are added to enhance the growth and metabolism of the microorganisms.
An OECM is defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity as: [A] geographically defined area other than a Protected Area, which is governed and managed in ways that achieve positive and sustained long-term outcomes for the in situ conservation of biodiversity, with associated ecosystem functions and services and where applicable, cultural, spiritual, socio–economic, and other locally ...