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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [20] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...
Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe symptoms is rare, and lethal salt poisoning is possible but even rarer. The lethal dose of table salt is roughly 0.5–1 gram per kilogram of body weight. [1] In medicine, salt poisoning is most frequently encountered in children or infants [2] [3] who may be made to consume excessive amounts of table ...
In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated ...
Potassium chloride is the last of the three drugs administered and actually causes death. Injecting potassium chloride into the heart muscle disrupts the signal that causes the heart to beat. This same amount of potassium chloride would do no harm if taken orally and not injected directly into the blood. [citation needed]
Chlorine gas poisoning is an illness resulting from the effects of exposure to chlorine beyond the threshold limit value. Acute chlorine gas poisoning primarily affects the respiratory system , causing difficulty breathing, cough, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and sometimes skin irritation .
Patients with kidney failure not related to low blood volume and patients on dialysis should avoid this product in high doses which are used for volume expansion. Use of hydroxyethyl starch with normal saline in its preparation is contraindicated in people with severe increases in blood levels of sodium or chloride .
In vitro toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the toxic effects of chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. [1] In vitro (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm the lack of certain toxic properties in the early stages of the development of potentially useful new substances such as ...