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Semi-presidential republic 2000 [note 3] Direct election, by second-round system Unicameral Georgia: Representative Democracy Governed as a Unitary Parliamentary Republic. 1921 Direct election, led by a group of people called “parliaments” Bicameral Greece: Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy: 1975 [note 4]
Most notably, James Wilson advocated for a unitary executive figure that would become the role of the president. [5] The United States became the first presidential republic when the Constitution of the United States came into force in 1789, and George Washington became the first president under a presidential system.
While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, [5] and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, [6] both of whom intended to describe ...
The French then later spread unitary states by conquests, throughout Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars, and to the world through the vast French colonial empire. [1] Presently, prefects remain an illustration of the French unitary state system, as the representatives of the State in each department , tasked with upholding central ...
Debates that pit our nation's status as democracy or constitutional republic tend to intensify around specific policy debates or more generally among candidates in high-profile elections, such as ...
Unitary presidential constitutional republic (1965–1972) Unitary presidential constitutional republic under an authoritarian conjugal military dictatorship (1972–1973) Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency (1973–1978)
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform ...