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In 1597, the Spanish (Castilian) crown lost the Netherlands (Holland). In 1640, Portugal split away after Philip II had incorporated it to its domains in 1581. A second independence tide came about following the Independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America and the Battle of Trafalgar that heralded the end of the Spanish Atlantic hegemony.
Pink: Spanish Morocco. Red: Spain and Spanish colonies. 1914: 28 July: Spain remained neutral throughout World War I. 1920: Rif War (1920): The war began. 1923: 13 September: Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera till 1930. 1926: Rif War (1920): The war ended. 1931: The Second Spanish Republic was established. Spain under the Restoration: The period ...
This settlement predates the foundation of St. Augustine by six years, marking an important yet often overlooked moment in the history of Spanish colonization. Archaeological evidence from the University of West Florida has confirmed the presence of Luna's expedition, which included 1,500 people and lasted from 1559 to 1561. The artifacts ...
Spanish America in 1800, with four kingdoms: New Spain, New Granada, Peru and La Plata The Spanish Empire (yellow) in 1800. Spanish America refers to the Spanish territories in the Americas during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The term "Spanish America" was specifically used during the territories' imperial era between 15th and 19th ...
1509 Spanish colonization of Jamaica begins. 1511 Spanish foundation of Baracoa - colonization of Cuba begins. 1520 Spaniards removed last Amerindians from Lucayan Archipelago ( population of 40,000 in 1492 ). 1525 Spanish colonization of Margarita Island begins. 1526 Spanish colonization of Bonaire begins. 1527 Spanish colonization of Curaçao ...
The Spanish colonies won their independence in the first quarter of the 19th century, in the Spanish American wars of independence. Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia), José de San Martín (United Provinces of the River Plate, Chile, and Peru), and Bernardo O'Higgins led their independence struggle. Although Bolivar attempted to ...
A 17th–century Dutch map of the Americas. The historiography of Spanish America in multiple languages is vast and has a long history. [1] [2] [3] It dates back to the early sixteenth century with multiple competing accounts of the conquest, Spaniards’ eighteenth-century attempts to discover how to reverse the decline of its empire, [4] and people of Spanish descent born in the Americas ...
The most famous traveler in Spanish America was Prussian scientist Alexander von Humboldt, whose travel writings, especially Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain and scientific observations remain important sources for the history of Spanish America. Humboldt's expedition was authorized by the crown, but was self-funded from his personal ...