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Photosynthesis is the only process that allows the conversion of atmospheric carbon (CO2) to organic (solid) carbon, and this process plays an essential role in climate models. This lead researchers to study the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence that uses the Sun as illumination source; the glow of a plant) as ...
The chemical pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis fixes carbon in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions capture light energy to transfer electrons from water and convert NADP +, ADP, and inorganic phosphate into the energy-storage molecules NADPH and ATP.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are distinct processes, as they take place through different sequences of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments (cellular respiration in mitochondria). [15] [16] The general equation for photosynthesis as first proposed by Cornelis van Niel is: [17]
This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning of molecules within the reaction center. This is a solid-state process, not a typical chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline ...
Noncyclic photophosphorylation through light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane. Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy. This chemical energy is eventually used in the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar in plants.
The CO 2 compensation point (Γ) is the CO 2 concentration at which the rate of photosynthesis exactly matches the rate of respiration. There is a significant difference in Γ between C 3 plants and C 4 plants: on land, the typical value for Γ in a C 3 plant ranges from 40–100 μmol/mol, while in C 4 plants the values are lower at 3–10 μmol/mol. Plants with a weaker CCM, such as C2 ...
The reaction center initiates a complex series of chemical reactions that capture energy in the form of chemical bonds. For photosystem II, when either of the two chlorophyll a molecules at the reaction center absorb energy, an electron is excited and transferred to an electron acceptor molecule, pheophytin , leaving the chlorophyll a in an ...
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants , algae , and cyanobacteria .