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Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.
Education for Extinction is an exhaustive history of assimilation era American Indian education, particularly its boarding schools. [1] Adams contends that boarding schools were the federal government's key means for addressing its American Indian issues, and that the schools left a "psychological and cultural mark" on Indian students even while they failed at assimilation. [1]
The book's title comes from a quote attributed to Richard Henry Pratt, an Army officer who developed the Carlisle Indian School, the first (off-reservation) Indian boarding school, from his experience in educating Native American prisoners of war. [1] Its model of cultural immersion and assimilation was adopted for use at other government schools.
The U.S. Department of the Interior recently released the second volume of its boarding school initiative report, which documents the history of 417 federal Indian boarding schools and over 1000 ...
The U.S. ran more than 400 boarding schools aimed at assimilating Native American children, and at least 973 children died at the schools.
The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition already had what was considered the most extensive list of boarding schools. The total now stands at 523 schools, with each dot on ...
The White Earth Boarding School was a Native American boarding institution located on the White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota.Established in 1871, it was the first of 16 such schools in the state, aiming to assimilate White Earth Nation children into Euro-American culture by eradicating their Indigenous identities, languages, and traditions.
In addition, boarding schools and their outing programs limited Native American women's work skills so that, for many, becoming servants in white homes was the only choice of work they had when they returned from boarding schools to their reservations.