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The disequilibrium caused by these changes often causes withdrawal when the long-term use of a drug is discontinued. Upregulation and downregulation can also happen as a response to toxins or hormones. An example of upregulation in pregnancy is hormones that cause cells in the uterus to become more sensitive to oxytocin.
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a significant role in osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, inducing the differentiation of mesenquimal pluripotent cells in osteoblasts and inhibiting the RANKL/RANK pathway and osteoclastogenesis.
The term protein folding incorporates all the processes involved in the production of a protein after the nascent polypeptides have become synthesized by the ribosomes.The proteins destined to be secreted or sorted to other cell organelles carry an N-terminal signal sequence that will interact with a signal recognition particle (SRP).
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), also known as TRANCE receptor or TNFRSF11A, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular sub-family. RANK is the receptor for RANK-Ligand and part of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. It is associated with bone ...
It is the proximate cause of septic shock and may function in autoimmune disease. NOS catalyzes the reaction: [3] 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 3 H + + 4 O 2 2 citrulline +2 nitric oxide + 4 H 2 O + 3 NADP + NOS isoforms catalyze other leak and side reactions, such as superoxide production at the expense of NADPH. As such, this stoichiometry is not ...
5649 19699 Ensembl ENSG00000189056 ENSMUSG00000042453 UniProt P78509 Q60841 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_173054 NM_005045 NM_011261 NM_001310464 RefSeq (protein) NP_005036 NP_774959 NP_001297393 NP_035391 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 103.47 – 103.99 Mb Chr 5: 22.09 – 22.55 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Reelin, encoded by the RELN gene, is a large secreted extracellular matrix ...
18383 Ensembl ENSG00000164761 ENSMUSG00000063727 UniProt O00300 O08712 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002546 NM_008764 RefSeq (protein) NP_002537 NP_032790 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 118.92 – 118.95 Mb Chr 15: 54.11 – 54.14 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) or tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily ...
cAMP represented in three ways Adenosine triphosphate. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms ...