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During perimenopause and menopause, women’s estrogen and progesterone levels drop. This causes numerous side effects, including hot flashes, weight gain, sleep disturbances and more.
Women with vasomotor symptoms during menopause seem to have an especially unfavorable cardiometabolic profile, [36] as well as women with premature onset of menopause (before 45 years of age). [37] These risks can be reduced by managing risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, hypertension , increased blood lipids and body weight.
Only about 1 percent of women in the U.S. go through menopause before 40, but signs like hot flashes and missed periods are scary. Here's what they could be.
Over time, the genitourinary symptoms of menopause – the bladder and vaginal symptoms mentioned above – can get worse, as can your bone and heart health if not treated, she says.
Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature menopause) due to varying causes, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a spontaneous manifestation, can also lead to low estrogen and infertility. [17] Hypogonadism (a condition where the gonads – testes for men and ovaries for women – have diminished activity) can decrease estrogen. [18]
Another theory states that menopause is the byproduct of the evolutionary selection for follicular atresia, a factor that causes menopause. Menopause results from having too few ovarian follicles to produce enough estrogen to maintain the ovarian-pituitary-hypothalamic loop, which results in the cessation of menses and the beginning of menopause.