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A number of harp-like instruments in Africa are not easily classified with European categories. Instruments like the West African kora and Mauritanian ardin are sometimes labeled as "spike harp", "bridge harp", or harp lute since their construction includes a bridge which holds the strings laterally, vice vertically entering the soundboard. [41]
Spike lutes are common in West Africa, as are tanged lutes, instruments in which the handle does not extend all the way through the resonator.A hereditary class of West African musicians, griots, play only tanged lutes; but non-griot performers in West Africa play a mixture of both spike lutes and tanged lutes.
These instruments are also known as semi-spike lutes, tanged lutes and internal spike lutes. These instruments are made of a resonator and string bearer that are physically united, with strings in parallel to the sound table and a handle which is also the string bearer and which passes through the resonator but does not pierce its tail end.
321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes) 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through or over the resonator (spike lutes) 321.311: Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved (spike bowl lutes) These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how ...
321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes) 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through or over the resonator (spike lutes) 321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is in the form of a box (spike box lutes, spike guitars) These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on ...
322.1 Open harps - The harp has no pillar. 322.11 Arched harps. 322.12 Angular harps. 322.2 Frame harps - The harp has a pillar 322.21 Without tuning mechanism. 322.211 Diatonic frame harps. 322.212 Chromatic frame harps. 322.212.1 With all strings in one plane. 322.212.2 With strings in two planes crossing each other. 322.22 With tuning action.
Lutes are stringed musical instruments that include a body and "a neck which serves both as a handle and as a means of stretching the strings beyond the body". [1]The lute family includes not only short-necked plucked lutes such as the lute, oud, pipa, guitar, citole, gittern, mandore, rubab, and gambus and long-necked plucked lutes such as banjo, tanbura, bağlama, bouzouki, veena, theorbo ...
The single string is typically made of horse hair, and passes over a bridge. The instrument is tuned by means of a large tuning peg to fit the range of the singer's voice. [3] It may be bowed by either the right or left hand, and the non-bow hand sits lightly on top of the upper part of the string.