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In carefully designed scientific experiments, null results can be interpreted as evidence of absence. [7] Whether the scientific community will accept a null result as evidence of absence depends on many factors, including the detection power of the applied methods, the confidence of the inference, as well as confirmation bias within the community.
It is a problem in epistemology and in any general situation where a statement has to be justified. [1] [2] [3] The argument is also known as diallelus [4] or diallelon, from Greek di' allelon "through or by means of one another" and as the epistemic regress problem. It is an element of the Münchhausen trilemma. [5]
Argument from silence – Argument based on the absence of statements in historical documents, rather than their presence; Hitchens's razor – General rule rejecting claims made without evidence; List of fallacies; Martha Mitchell effect – Labelling real experiences as delusional; Occam's razor – Philosophical problem-solving principle
The importance of an event to contemporary author plays a role in the decision to mention it, and historian Krishnaji Chitnis states that for an argument from silence to apply, it must be of interest and significance to the person expected to be recording it, else it may be ignored; e.g. while later historians have lauded Magna Carta as a great national document, contemporary authors did not ...
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
Related to the use of intuitions in epistemology is the analysis of epistemic terms. For example, epistemologists have sought an analysis of knowledge by attempting to find the scenarios in which a subject knows a particular proposition. [23] An issue in metaepistemology concerns the proper role of analysis within the methodology of ...
Trace is a contingent unit of the critique of language always-already present: "language bears within itself the necessity of its own critique". [2] Deconstruction, unlike analysis or interpretation, tries to lay the inner contradictions of a text bare, and, in turn, build a different meaning from that: it is at once a process of destruction ...
For example, fideism claims that evidence is irrelevant to religious beliefs and that attempts to justify religious beliefs in such a way are misguided. Superficially, fideism and evidentialism have mutually exclusive takes on religious beliefs, but evidentialists use the term "justification" in a much weaker sense than the one in which ...