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  2. Calvin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle

    Calvin cycle step 1 (black circles represent carbon atoms) Calvin cycle steps 2 and 3 combined. The enzyme RuBisCO catalyses the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, RuBP, a 5-carbon compound, by carbon dioxide (a total of 6 carbons) in a two-step reaction. [6] The product of the first step is enediol-enzyme complex that can capture CO 2 ...

  3. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane. Light-dependent reactions are certain photochemical reactions involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy. There are two light dependent reactions: the first occurs at photosystem II (PSII) and the second occurs at photosystem I (PSI).

  4. Photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

    Photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that produces oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms store the chemical energy so produced within intracellular organic compounds (compounds containing carbon) like sugars, glycogen , cellulose and starches .

  5. Thylakoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylakoid

    This unmasks the second targeting signal and the protein is exported from the stroma into the thylakoid in a second targeting step. This second step requires the action of protein translocation components of the thylakoids and is energy-dependent.

  6. Photosystem II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem_II

    Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the energy-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

  7. Photophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation

    So, in the presence of light, synthesis of food is called 'photosynthesis'. Noncyclic photophosphorylation through light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane. In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Cyclic ...

  8. Hill reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_reaction

    The evolution of oxygen during the light-dependent steps in photosynthesis (Hill reaction) was proposed and proven by British biochemist Robin Hill. He demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts would make oxygen (O 2) but not fix carbon dioxide (CO 2). This is evidence that the light and dark reactions occur at different sites within the cell. [1 ...

  9. Photorespiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorespiration

    C 2 photosynthesis (also called glycine shuttle and photorespiratory CO 2 pump) is a CCM that works by making use of – as opposed to avoiding – photorespiration. It performs carbon refixation by delaying the breakdown of photorespired glycine, so that the molecule is shuttled from the mesophyll into the bundle sheath .